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Raúl Modesto Castro Ruz〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Raúl Castro Ruz )〕 (; born 3 June 1931), commonly known as Raúl Castro, is a Cuban politician and revolutionary who has been President of the Council of State of Cuba and the President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba since 2008; he previously exercised presidential powers in an acting capacity from 2006 to 2008. He is Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy, and Air Force) and has also been First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) since 2011, and is the nation's highest ranking general. Raúl Castro was a rebel commander during the 1950s; after his brother Fidel Castro took power, Raúl Castro was one of the most important figures in the party, serving as Minister of the Armed Forces from 1959 to 2008, the longest to serve in such a position. On 31 July 2006, Raúl Castro was designated as the President of the Council of State in a temporary transfer of power due to Fidel Castro's illness. According to the Cuban Constitution of 1976, Article 94, the Vice President of the Council of State assumes presidential duties upon the illness or death of the president. Raúl Castro was officially elected as President by the National Assembly on 24 February 2008, after Fidel Castro, who was still ailing, announced his intention not to stand for President again on 19 February 2008.〔 Raúl Castro was elected as First Secretary of the Communist Party at its Sixth Congress on 19 April 2011, having previously served as Second Secretary under his brother for 46 years. He was re-elected President on 24 February 2013, and shortly thereafter announced that his second term would be his final term and that he would not seek re-election in 2018. == Early life == Born in Birán, Cuba, as the son of a Galician immigrant father, Ángel Castro, and a Cuban-born mother of Canarian parentage, Lina Ruz, Raúl is the youngest of the three Castro brothers: Ramón, Fidel, and himself. He also has four sisters, Angela, Juanita, Emma, and Agustina. Ángel Castro's first wife, Maria Argota, also raised five half siblings of Raúl: Pedro Emilio, Maria Lidia, Manuel, Antonia and Georgina. As children, the Castro brothers were expelled from the first school they attended. Like Fidel, Raúl later attended the Jesuit School of Colegio Dolores in Santiago and Belen Jesuit Preparatory School () in Havana. Raúl, as an undergraduate, studied social sciences. Whereas Fidel excelled as a student, Raúl turned in mostly mediocre performances.〔 〕 Raúl became a committed socialist and joined the Socialist Youth, an affiliate of the Soviet-oriented Cuban Communist Party, Partido Socialista Popular (PSP).〔 〕 The brothers participated actively in sometimes violent student actions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/revolutionary-firing-squads.htm ) 〕 Raúl Castro's travels and contact with Soviet KGB agent Nikolai Leonov—whom he met in 1953 during a trip to the Soviet-bloc nations and again in 1955 during his exile in Mexico City—facilitated Cuba's close ties with the Soviets after the triumph of the Cuban Revolution. Leonov would later become the USSR's KGB man in Havana.〔 In 1953, Raúl served as a member of the 26th of July Movement group that attacked the Moncada Barracks; he spent 22 months in prison as a result of this action.〔 〕〔 〕 During his exile in Mexico, he participated in the preparations for the expedition of the boat ''Granma'' to Cuba. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Raúl Castro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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